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Jak určit typ půdy ve vaší zahradě?

Posted on: By : Redakce

 

Víte, jaký typ půdy máte ve své zahradě? Často můžete slyšet v konverzacích zahrádkářů: “Máme solidní písek” nebo “my máme tvrdou zem, samou hlínu.”  Textury (jílu) zeminy jsou rozděleny na písek, písčité hlíny, lehké, střední a těžké hlíny a na lehký, střední a těžký jíl. Současně někteří zahrádkáři mylně hodnotí vlastnosti půdu podle barvy půdy. Při hodnocení půdy často dochází k mýlce, písčitá hlína je zaměňována za jílovitou a obyčejná hlína za jíl. To je způsobeno tím, že barva půdy a její odstíny závisí nejen na obsahu jílu, ale také na jeho mineralogického složení.  V polních podmínkách neexistuje způsob určování složení půdy, která nevyžaduje žádné nástroje a přístupná všem. Na písčitých půdách rostliny obvykle trpí „podvýživou” a nedostatkem vody. To je důvod, proč musí být taková zemina obohacená o humus a pojiva – kompost a rašeliny prášku. Písčité půdy mají obvykle malou příměs jílu.

Složení půdy 

Půda se skládá z více složek. 50% tvoří voda a půdní roztok a 50% tvoří minerální organický podíl. Na vytváření pevné části půdní hmoty se účastní minerální podíl a organický podíl. Organickou složku (1-5% půdy) tvoří živé rostliny a živočišné organismy a neživá organická hmota. Navzájem se obměňují.

Dělení půd  

Půdy dělíme podle různých kritérií, rozlišují se tyto půdní typy:

  • červeno-žluté půdy rovníkových a tropických lesů
  • červené půdy savan
  • pouštní půdy
  • rendziny vznikají na vápnitých horninách
  • žlutozemě a červenozemě
  • kaštanové půdy
  • černozemě
  • hnědozemě
  • hnědé lesní půdy
  • pozdolové půdy vznikají v mírném až chladném pásmu v oblasti jehličnatých lesů
  • sněžní půdy

Jak si půdu otestujete?

Zrnka jílu, prachu a písku rozeznáte i pouhým okem. Písčité zrna mají rozměry 2 až 4 mm, nelepí se na prsty. Při vzorku zeminy o hmotnosti 1 kg má půda nevhodnou strukturu, pokud je částic s ideálními rozměry méně než 0,5 kg. Dobrá struktura má 0,5 až 0,75 kg a velmi dobrá více než 0,75 kg částic ideálních rozměrů. Na kvalitu struktury půdy ovlivňuje i tvar částic.

 

 

 

Redakce

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940 thoughts on “Jak určit typ půdy ve vaší zahradě?”

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